Wednesday 21 December 2011

Internet Facts

Yahoo! derived its name from the word Yahoo coined by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels. A Yahoo is a person who is repulsive in appearance and action and is barely human!

Researchers consider that the first search engine was Archie, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a student at McGill University in Montreal, Canada.

Marc Andreessen founded Netscape. In 1993, he had already developed Mosaic, the first Web browser with a GUI.

It was once considered a letter in the English language. The Chinese call it a little mouse, Danes and Swedes call it 'elephant's trunk', Germans a spider monkey, and Italians a snail. Israelis pronounce it 'strudels' and the Czechs say 'rollmops's...What is it? The @ sign.

In the Deep Web, the part of the Web not currently catalogued by search engines, public information said to be 500 times larger than on the WWW.

The first search engine for Gopher files was called Veronica, created by the University of Nevada System Computing Services group

Tim Berners-Lee predicted in 2002 that the Semantic Web would "foster global collaborations among people with diverse cultural perspectives", but the project never seems to have really taken off.

In February 2004, Sweden led the world in Internet penetration, with 76.9 percent of people connected to the Internet. The world average is 11.1 per cent.

The top visited websites in February2004, including affiliated sites, were Yahoo!, MSN, the Warner Network, EBay, Google, Lycos and About.com.
The search engine "Lycos" is named for Lycosidae, the Latin name for the wolf spider family.
The US International Broadcasting Bureau created a proxy service to allow Chinese, Iraians and other 'oppressed' people to circumvent their national firewalls, relaying forbidden pages behind silicon curtains.

Lurking is to read through mailing lists or news groups and get a feel of the topic before posting one's own messages.

SRS stands for Shared Registry Server. The central system for all accredited registrars to access, register and control domain names.

WAIS stands for 'Wide Area Information Servers' - a commercial software package that allow the indexing of huge quantities of information, the makes those indices searchable across the Internet.

An anonymiser is a privacy service that allows a user to visit Web sites without allowing anyone to gather information about which sites they visit.

Archie is an information system offering an electronic directory service for locating information residing on anonymous FTP sites.

On the Internet, a 'bastion host' is the only host computer that a company allows to be addressed directly from the public network.

'Carnivore' is the Internet surveillance system developed by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), who developed it to monitor the electronic transmissions of criminal suspects.

Did you know that the original URL of Yahoo! was http://akebono.stanford.edu/ ?

Developed at the University of Nevada, Veronica is a constantly updated database of teh names of almost every menu item on thousands of gopher servers.

The Electrohippies Collective is an international group of 'hacktivists' based in Oxfordshire, England.

UIML (User Interface Markup Language) is a descriptive language that lets you create a Web page that can be sent to any kind of interface device.

In Internet terminology, a demo is a non-interactive multimedia presentation, the computer world's equivalent of a music video.

Did you know that the name of the famous search engine AltaVista came into existence when someone accidentally read and suggested the word 'Vista' on an unclean whiteboard as 'Alta Vista'?

Boeing was the first airline to discover the Y2K problem, way back in 1993.

Did you know that Domain registration was free until an announcement by the NAtional Science Foundation on 14th September, 1995, changed it?

The Internet was initially called the 'Galactic network' in memos written by MIT's J C R Licklider in 1962.

Shokyu Ishiko, a doctorate in agriculture and chief priest of Daioh Temple in Kyoto has created an online virtual temple which will perform memorial services for lost information.

A 55 kg laddu was made for Lord Venkateswara at Trumala as a Y2K prayer offering.

The morning after Internet Explorer 4 was released, certain mischievous Microsoft workers left a 10 by 12 foot letter 'e' and a balloon with the message, "We love you", on Netscape front lawn.

If you were a resident of Tongo, a monarchy in the southwest Pacific, you could own domains as cool as 'mail.to' and 'head.to'.

The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) began the administration of Internet IP address in North and South America in MArch 1998.

The testbed for the Internet's new addressing system, IPv6, is called the 6bone.

The first Internet worm was created by Robert T.Morris, Jr, and attacked more than 6000 Internet hosts.

According to The Economist magazine, the first truly electronic bank on the Internet, called First Virtual Holdings, was opened by Lee Stein in 1994.

The French Culture Ministry has banned the word 'e-mail' in all government ministries, documents, publications and Web sites, because 'e-mail' is an English word. They prefer to use the term 'courriel'.

The German police sell used patrol cars over the Internet, because earlier auctions fetched low prices and only a few people ever showed up.

Rob Glasser's company, Progressive Networks, launched the RealAudio system on April 10, 1995.

'Broswer safe colours' refer to the 216 colours that are rendered the same way in both the PC and Mac operating systems.

Though the world Wide Web was born in 1989 at CERN in Switzerland, CERN is mainly involved in research for particle physics.

The first computer company to register for a domain name was Digital Equipment Corporation.

The 'Dilbert Zone' Web site was the first syndicated comic strip site available on the Internet.

Butler Jeeves of the Internet site AskJeeves.com made its debut as a large helium balloon in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade in 2000.

Sun Microsystems sponsors NetDay, an effort to wire American public schools to the Internet, with help from the US government.

In Beijing, the Internet community has coined the word 'Chortal' as a shortened version of 'Chinese portal'.

Telnet is one of the oldest forms of Internet connections. Today, it is used primarily to access online databases.

Domain names can be really sell at high prices! The most expensive domain name was 'business.com', which was bought by eCompanies for $7.5 million in 1999.

The first ever ISP was CompuServe. It still exists, under AOL Time Warner.

On an average, each person receives 26.4 e-mails a day.

Ray Tomlinson, a scientist from Cambrige, introduced electronic mail in 1972. He used the @ to distinguish between the sender's name and network name in the e-mail address.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) was designed in 1973.

The Apple iTunes music store was introduced in the spring of 2003. It allows people to download songs for an affordable 99 cents each.

Satyam Online become the first private ISP in December 1998 to offer Internet connections in India.

The number of UK Internet users increase by an estimated 75 percent each year.

The Internet is the third-most used advertising medium in the world, closely catching up with traditional local newspapers and Yellow Pages.

It took 13 years for television to reach 50 million users- it took the Internet less than 4 years.

As of now, there are over 260 million people with Internet access worldwide.

1 out of 6 people used the Internet in North America and Europe, as per a 1999 survey.
The average computer user blinks 7 times a minute.

In 1946, the Merriam Webster Dictionary defined computer as 'a person who tabulates numbers; accountant; actuary; bookkeeper.'

An estimated 2.5 billion hours were wasted online last year as people waited for pages to download, according to a study sponsored by Nortel Networks.

AOL says spam is the number one complaint of its customers, and that it has to block over one billion unsolicited e-mails every day.

In 2002, the average Internet user received 3.7 spam messages per day. The total rose to 6.2 spam messages per day in 2002. By 2007, it is expected to reach 830 messages per day.

A terminology industry research firm called Basex says that unsolicited e-mail cost $ 20 billion in lost time and expenses worldwide in 2000.

In 2003 an Atlanta- base ISP called Earthlink won a lawsuit worth $16.4 million (US) against a spammer in Buffalo NY, and a $25 million (US) lawsuit against a spammer in Tennessee.

13 Amazing google facts


1. Google receives daily search requests from all over the world, including Antarctica. 2. Google’s Home Page Has 63 Validation Errors. Don’t believe me?: Check Google Validation
3. The Google search engine receives about a billion search requests per day.
4. The infamous “I’m feeling lucky” button is nearly never used. However, in trials it was found that removing it would somehow reduce the Google experience. Users wanted it kept. It was a comfort button.
5. Due to the sparseness of the homepage, in early user tests they noted people just sitting looking at the screen. After a minute of nothingness, the tester intervened and asked ‘Whats up?’ to which they replied “We are waiting for the rest of it”. To solve that particular problem the Google Copyright message was inserted to act as a crude end of page marker.
6. The name ‘Google’ was an accident. A spelling mistake made by the original founders who thought they were going for ‘Googol’.
7. Google has the largest network of translators in the world.
8. Employees are encouraged to use 20% of their time working on their own projects. Google News, Orkut are both examples of projects that grew from this working model.
9. Google consists of over 450,000 servers, racked up in clusters located in data centers around the world.
10. Google started in January, 1996 as a research project at Stanford University, by Ph.D. candidates Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were 24 years old and 23 years old respectively.
11. Google is a mathematical term 1 followed by one hundred zeroes. The term was coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasne.
12. Number of languages in which you can have the Google home page set up, including Urdu, Latin and Klingon: 88
13. Google translates billions of HTML web pages into a display format for WAP and i-mode phones and wireless handheld devices.

Thursday 15 December 2011

KAMAL HASSAN IN IIT MUMBAI


this guy is truly a genius ,though he was a high school dropper he learnt each and everything from his life .he had lecture in IIT MUMBAI it was very good ,just watch it out . after watching this sure u will think that he is a living legend.




Longest and shortest on you tube

This is the longest video on you tube till date. Wonder how much time it has taken to upload, the answer is just one hour, the video is so much compressed.



This is the shortest video 0.0 seconds,but the fact is many more videos are there in 0.0 seconds so it is difficult to find out which is the shortest :(

Nose facts

  • You can always see your nose but your brain ignores it. 

    • There are at least 14 different nose shapes!

    The way you sneeze is genetic, which means it passes on from generation to generation!
    • Your nose can detect over 10,000 different smells and scents!
    • It’s impossible to hum while your nose is plugged!

Fears you have when you are born

When you are first born your only fears were of falling and of loud noises. They are built into your DNA and have been passed down from generation to generation as a survival mechanism
Their sole purpose is to keep you alive, and create emotion that will motivate you to avoid danger.
Every other fear you face you have learned throughout your life.

Corruption

Since 1995, Transparency International (TI) publishes the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) annually ranking countries "by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys." The CPI generally defines corruption as "the misuse of public power for private benefit." As of 2010, the CPI ranks 178 countries "on a scale from 10 (very clean) to 0 (highly corrupt)."

Overview of the index of perception of corruption, 2010.

     9 - 10      6 - 6.9      3 - 3.9
     8 - 8.9      5 - 5.9      2 - 2.9
     7 - 7.9      4 - 4.9      1 - 1.9
     No Information

Political corruption

Methods

Transparency International commissioned Johann Graf Lambsdorff of the University of Passau to produce the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI).The 2010 CPI draws on 13 different surveys and assessments from 10 independent institutions. The institutions are the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Bertelsmann Foundation, the Economist Intelligence Unit, Freedom House, Global Insight, International Institute for Management Development, Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, the World Economic Forum, and the World Bank. The 13 surveys/assessments are either business people opinion surveys or performance assessments from a group of analysts. Early CPIs used public opinion surveys. Countries must be assessed by at least three sources to appear in the CPI.
The CPI measures perception of corruption due to the difficulty of measuring absolute levels of corruption.

Limitations

Since the set of sources changes, comparing corruption over time with the CPI is inappropriate.

Criticism

The Corruption Perceptions Index has drawn increasing criticism in the decade since its launch, leading to calls for the index to be abandoned. This criticism has been directed at the quality of the Index itself, and the lack of actionable insights created from a simple country ranking. Because corruption is willfully hidden, it is impossible to measure directly; instead proxies for corruption are used. The CPI uses an eclectic mix of third-party surveys to sample public perceptions of corruption through a variety of questions, ranging from "Do you trust the government?" to "Is corruption a big problem in your country?"
The use of third-party survey data is a source of criticism. The data can vary widely in methodology and completeness from country to country. The methodology of the Index itself changes from year to year, thus making even basic better-or-worse comparisons difficult. Media outlets, meanwhile, frequently use the raw numbers as a yardstick for government performance, without clarifying what the numbers mean. A local Transparency International chapter disowned the index results after a change in methodology caused a country's scores to increase—media reported it as an "improvement". Other critics point out that definitional problems with the term "corruption" makes the tool problematic for social science.
The index mainly provides a snapshot of the views of business people and country analysts. In comparison, the questions in the Eurobarometer surveys 64.3 (2005), 68.2 (2007), 72.2 (2009), and the Flash Eurobarometer 236 (2008) established by the European Commission for all of the 27 European Union members states ask the perceptions and experiences of the general public. In general, the results show a very large divergence between the perception of living in a corrupt country by the general public and the experiences of corruption in everyday life.
Aside from precision issues, a more fundamental critique is aimed at the uses of the Index. Critics are quick to concede that the CPI has been instrumental in creating awareness and stimulating debate about corruption.[not in citation given] However, as a source of quantitative data in a field hungry for international datasets, the CPI can take on a life of its own, appearing in cross-country and year-to-year comparisons that the CPI authors themselves admit are not justified by their methodology. The authors state in 2008: "Year-to-year changes in a country's score can either result from a changed perception of a country's performance or from a change in the CPI’s sample and methodology. The only reliable way to compare a country’s score over time is to go back to individual survey sources, each of which can reflect a change in assessment."
The CPI produces a single score per country, which as noted above, cannot be compared year-to-year. In the late 2000s, the field has moved towards unpackable, action-oriented indices (such as those by the International Budget Partnership or Global Integrity), which typically measure public policies that relate to corruption, rather than try to assess "corruption" as a whole via proxy measures like perceptions. These alternative measures use original (often locally collected) data and so have the same non-comparability problem as the CPI and are limited in scope to specific policy practices (such as public access to parliamentary budget documents) and so they are only an indicator of visible corruption/policy corruption.

 Ranking (corruption less to most corrupted)

Worldwide Corruption Perceptions ranking of countries
published by Transparency International
Rank Country Index
2011 2011[17] 2010[18] 2009[19] 2008[20] 2007[21] 2006[22] 2005[23] 2004[24] 2003 2002
1  New Zealand 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.4
2  Denmark 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
2  Finland 9.4 9.2 8.9 9.0 9.4 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.9
4  Sweden 9.3 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.0
5  Singapore 9.2 9.3 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.4
6  Norway 9.0 8.6 8.6 7.9 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.8 8.5 8.6
7  Netherlands 8.9 8.8 8.9 8.9 9.0 8.7 8.6 8.9 9.0 8.8
8  Australia 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.6 8.5
8  Switzerland 8.8 8.7 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.1 8.8 8.5 8.4
10  Canada 8.7 8.9 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.7 9.0 8.9
11  Luxembourg 8.5 8.5 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.6 8.5 8.7 9.0 8.7
12  Hong Kong 8.4 8.4 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.0 8.2 7.9
13  Iceland 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.9 9.2 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.4 9.2
14  Germany 8.0 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.8 8.0 8.2 7.7 7.3 7.4
14  Japan 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.3 7.0 7.1 7.1
16  Austria 7.8 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.6 8.7 8.0 7.8 7.8
16  Barbados 7.8 7.8 7.4 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.9
16  United Kingdom 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.7 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.3
19  Belgium 7.5 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.1 6.6
19  Ireland 7.5 8.0 8.0 7.7 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.5 6.9 7.5
21  Bahamas 7.3
22  Chile 7.2 7.2 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.5
22  Qatar 7.2 7.7 7.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.6
24  United States 7.1 7.1 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.6 7.5 7.7 7.6
25  France 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.3 7.4 7.5 6.9 6.3 6.7
25  Saint Lucia 7.0 7.0 7.1 6.8
25  Uruguay 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.4 5.9 5.5 5.1 5.1
28  United Arab Emirates 6.8 6.3 6.5 5.9 5.7 6.2 6.2 6.1 5.2
29  Estonia 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.5 5.6 5.6
30  Cyprus 6.3 6.3 6.6 6.4 5.3 5.6 5.7 5.4 6.1
31  Spain 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.5 6.7 6.8 7.0 6.9 7.1 7.0
32  Botswana 6.1 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.0 5.7 6.4
32  Portugal 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.3 6.3
32  Republic of China 6.1 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.7 5.6
35  Slovenia 5.9 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.2
36  Israel 5.8 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.9 6.3 6.4 7.0 7.3
36  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5.8 6.4 6.5 6.1
38  Bhutan 5.7 5.7 5.0 5.4 5.0
39  Malta 5.6 5.6 5.2 5.8 5.8 6.4 6.4
39  Puerto Rico 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.8
41  Cape Verde 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.9
41  Poland 5.5 5.3 5.0 4.6 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.6 4.0
43  South Korea 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.5
44  Brunei 5.2 5.5 5.5
44  Dominica 5.2 5.2 5.9 6.0 5.6 4.5 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.2
46  Bahrain 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.1
46  Macau 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.7 6.6
46  Mauritius 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.5 4.7 5.1 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.5
49  Rwanda 5.0 4.0 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.5 3.1
50  Costa Rica 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.1 4.2 4.9 4.3 4.5
50  Lithuania 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.8
50  Oman 4.8 5.3 5.5 5.5 4.7 5.4 6.3 6.1 6.3
50  Seychelles 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.5 3.6 4.0 4.4
54  Hungary 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.9
54  Kuwait 4.6 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.6 5.3
56  Jordan 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.1 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.3 4.6 4.5
57  Czech Republic 4.4 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.7
57  Namibia 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.7 5.7
57  Saudi Arabia 4.7 4.7 4.3 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 4.5
60  Malaysia 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.2 4.9
61  Cuba 4.2 3.7 4.4 4.3 4.2 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.6
61  Latvia 4.2 4.3 4.5 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7
61  Turkey 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2
64  Georgia 4.1 3.8 4.1 3.9 3.4 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.4
64  South Africa 4.1 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.8
66  Croatia 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.1 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8
66  Montenegro 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.4 3.3
66  Slovakia 4.0 4.3 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.7
69  Ghana 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.9
69  Italy 3.9 3.9 4.3 4.8 5.2 6.2 6.2 5.2
69  Macedonia 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.3 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.3
69  Samoa 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.5
73  Brazil 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.9 4.0
73  Tunisia 3.8 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8
75  China 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.5
75  Romania 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.6
77  Gambia 3.5 3.2 2.9 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.5
77  Lesotho 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.4
77  Vanuatu 3.5 3.6 3.2 2.9 3.1
80  Colombia 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.6
80  El Salvador 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.2
80  Greece 3.4 3.5 3.8 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2
80  Morocco 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.7
80  Peru 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.4
80  Thailand 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.2
86  Bulgaria 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.6 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0
86  Jamaica 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.8 4.0
86  Panama 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.0
86  Serbia[25] 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.3
86  Sri Lanka 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.7
91  Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.3
91  Liberia 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.4 2.1 2.2
91  Trinidad and Tobago 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.8 4.2 4.6 4.9
91  Zambia 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6

Rank Country Index
2011 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
95  Albania 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.4 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5
95  India 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7
95  Kiribati 3.1 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.7
95  Swaziland 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.3 2.5 2.7
95  Tonga 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.4 1.7
100  Argentina 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.8
100  Benin 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.9 3.2
100  Burkina Faso 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.4
100  Djibouti 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.9
100  Gabon 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.3
100  Indonesia 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9
100  Madagascar 3.0 2.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.8 3.1 2.6 1.7
100  Malawi 3.0 3.4 3.3 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9
100  Mexico 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6
100  São Tomé and Príncipe 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7
100  Suriname 3.0
100  Tanzania 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.7
112  Algeria 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.6
112  Egypt 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4
112  Kosovo 2.9 2.8
112  Moldova 2.9 2.9 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.1
112  Senegal 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1
112  Vietnam 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4
118  Bolivia 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.2
118  Mali 2.8 2.7 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.0
120  Bangladesh 2.7 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2
120  Ecuador 2.7 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.2
120  Ethiopia 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.5 3.5
120  Guatemala 2.7 3.2 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.5
120  Iran 2.7 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0
120  Kazakhstan 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.3
120  Mongolia 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.0
120  Mozambique 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7
120  Solomon Islands 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8
129  Armenia 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0
129  Dominican Republic 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.5
129  Honduras 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.7
129  Philippines 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6
129  Syria 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.4
134  Cameroon 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.2
134  Eritrea 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.6
134  Guyana 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5
134  Lebanon 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.6 3.1 2.7 3.0
134  Maldives 2.5 2.3 2.8 3.3
134  Nicaragua 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.5
134  Niger 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.2
134  Pakistan 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.6
134  Sierra Leone 2.5 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2
143  Azerbaijan 2.4 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.0
143  Belarus 2.4 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.6 3.3 4.2 4.8
143  Comoros 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.6
143  Mauritania 2.4 2.3 2.8 2.6 3.1
143  Nigeria 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.6
143  Russia 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.7
143  Timor-Leste 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.6
143  Togo 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.4
143  Uganda 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.1
152  Tajikistan 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.8
152  Ukraine 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.4
154  Central African Republic 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.4
154  Republic of the Congo 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2
154  Côte d'Ivoire 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.7
154  Guinea-Bissau 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.2
154  Kenya 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.9
154  Laos 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.6 3.3
154  Nepal 2.2 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8
154  Papua New Guinea 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.1
154  Paraguay 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.7
154  Zimbabwe 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.7
164  Cambodia 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.2
164  Guinea 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.9
164  Kyrgyzstan 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1
164  Yemen 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.4
168  Angola 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7
168  Chad 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.7
168  Democratic Republic of the Congo 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0
168  Libya 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.1
172  Burundi 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.3
172  Equatorial Guinea 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.9
172  Venezuela 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5
175  Haiti 1.8 2.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5 2.2
175  Iraq 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.2
177  Sudan 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3
177  Turkmenistan 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.0
177  Uzbekistan 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 2.7 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.9
180  Afghanistan 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.5
180  Myanmar 1.5
182  North Korea 1.0
182  Somalia 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.4 2.1
 Belize 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.5
-  Burma 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6